Adverb একটি part of speech যা একটি verb, adjective অথবা অন্য একটি adverb কে বর্ণনা করে। এটি কখন? /কোথায়? / কিভাবে? / কি উপায়ে? / এবং কি পরিমাণে? এই প্রশ্নগুলোর উত্তর দেয়।
Example:
- The girl speaks fluently in English.
এখানে “fluently” বর্ণনা করছে “the girl” কিভাবে English এ কথা বলছে । তাই এটি একটি adverb.
- The tea is very hot.
এখানে “very “ বর্ণনা করছে চা কতটা গরম । তাই এটি একটি adverb.
- The boy is running so fast.
এখানে “so” বর্ণনা করছে ছেলেটি কত দ্রুত দৌড়াচ্ছে এবং “fast” বর্ণনা করছে ছেলেটি কিভাবে দৌড়াচ্ছে । উভয়েই adverb, “so” modify করছে আরেকটি adverb “fast” কে এবং “fast” modify করছে একটি verb “run” কে ।
Adverb এর প্রকারভেদঃ
Function (ব্যবহার) এর উপর ভিত্তি করে adverb-কে প্রধানত তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।
- Simple or Independent Adverbs.
- Interrogative Adverbs.
- Relative Adverbs.
1. Simple or Independent Adverb- আট ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়।
- Adverbs of Place. (where)
- Adverbs of Time. (when)
- Adverbs of Manner. (how)
- Adverbs of Frequency.
- Adverbs of Quality or Degree.
- Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation.
- Adverbs of cause and Effect.
- Adverbs of Order.
Adverbs of place: Where দ্বারা verb কে প্রশ্ন করলে Adverbs of Place পাওয়া যায়।
Example:
- I went there. (where went? = there)
- She lives here. (where lives? = here)
- There is a pond near the house. (where is? = near)
- Air is found everywhere. (where is found? = everywhere)
Adverbs of Time: When দ্বারা verb কে প্রশ্ন করলের্ Adverbs of Time পাওয়া যায়।
Example:
- She will come late. (when will come? = late)
- I came back soon. ( when came? = soon)
- Did you see me before? (when did see? = before)
- We shall go tomorrow. (when shall go ? = tomorrow)
- We rise early in the morning. (when rise? = early)
- We will go then. (when will go? = then)
- What are you doing now? ( when doing? = now)
- He always comes to our house. (when comes? always)
- She gives us milk daily. (when gives? daily)
- I will ever love you. (when love? = ever)
- She will never come back. (when come? = never)
- The child was born two months ago. (when was born? = ago)
- I have already completed my work. (when completed? already)
- If you are in danger, telephone me immediately. (when telephone? = immediately)
Adverbs of Manner: Verb, adjective বা adverb কে how দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে Adverbs of Manner পাওয়া যায়।
Example:
- The boy walks slowly. (how walks? = slowly)
- We work hard. (how work? = hard)
- You slept soundly. (how slept? = soundly)
- The army fought bravely. (how fought? = bravely)
- You thought wisely. (how thought? = wisely)
- The pen writes well. (how writes? = well)
- She reads loudly. (hoe reads? = loudly)
- Get ready quickly. (how ready? = quickly)
Adverbs of Frequency: যে সব adverb ক্রিয়া কত বার সম্পন্ন হয়েছে তা বুঝায় তাকের্ Adverbs of Frequency বলে।
Example:
- I have met him once in my life.
- We usually do this.
- They do not generally come here.
- She sometimes comes to my house.
- He occasionally invites me.
Adverbs of Quality or Degree: যে adverb কতখানি, কি মাত্রায়, বা কি পরিমান এই সব বুঝায় তাকে Adverbs of Quality or Degree বলে।
Example:
- He has lost almost all his money.
- I drank enough milk this morning.
- He is quite happy.
- He is too weak to walk.
- Rice grows abundantly in Bangladesh.
Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation: এই ধরনের adverb গুলো হ্যাঁ বা না নির্দেশ করে।
Example:
- No, he did not go there.
- Yes, you are right.
Adverbs of Cause and Effect: যে adverb গুলো verb এর কাজ সংঘটিত হওয়ার কারণ বা ফলাফল নির্দেশ তাদের কে Adverb of Cause and Effect বলে।
Example:
- You did not the work, consequently you failed in the exam.
- I, therefore, hope that you will do the work.
- He taught me how to do the sum and I did it accordingly.
Adverbs of Order: যে adverb গুলো verb কাজ সম্পন্ন হওয়ার ক্রম বা order নির্দেশ করে তাদের কে Adverbs of Order বলে।
Example:
- First, we have to collect the money.
- He came last but he finished first.
- Secondly, we have to call a meeting.
- Lastly we must arrange a picnic.
Interrogative Adverbs: এই adverb গুলো প্রশ্ন (Question) করার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
- When did you go? (Time)
- Where did you go? (Place)
- How did you go? (Manner)
- How are you? (অবস্হা বুঝাছে)
- How much did he buy? (Quantity)
- How often did he come? (Frequency)
- Why did you go? (Cause)
Relative Adverbs: Interrogative Adverb প্রশ্ন করার জন্য ব্যবহৃত না হয়ে যদি দুটি sentence কে যুক্ত করার কাজে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন এদের কে Relative Adverbs বলে।
Example:
- I know the place where he lives.
- I know the time when he will come.
- This is the reason why he did not come.
- This is the way how you should do the work.
- This is the place where we sat down.
- I know the process how you can do the sum.
